Specifications

Main Components

The main components of the AX-1 are particularly important to understand in order to grasp the machine's structure. Chapter 4 provides an overview and description of their locations and primary functions.

Overview of Main Components

A detailed breakdown of the AX-1's key components is provided in the following sections, including their positioning on the machine and their overall purpose.

1. Control Center
2. Generator
3. Tank Module
4. Boom
5. Bumper/Collision Sensor
6. Spray Units
7. Boom Cover

Tank Module

The tank module is the primary unit for managing fluid flow and storing spray liquids. It contains three separate tanks, along with valves, a pump, hoses, and filters. This module is compact compared to conventional spraying systems and is well-protected under the machine's side covers, yet easily accessible for operation. Details are further specified in Subchapter 4.2.6 Valve Positions.

Tank Overview

The tank module consists of three separate fluid chambers:

1. Spray Tank
2. Rinse Water Tank
3. Clean Water Tank

Spray Tank

CAUTION: The liquid volume in the tank must never exceed the nominal capacity.

The spray tank has a total volume of 55 L and a usable volume of 52 L. The tank is equipped with two return flows: a low-level flow for normal operation and one connected to a wash nozzle for internal tank cleaning. From the tank basin, there is only one outlet, which serves both for system circulation and tank drainage. The tank is sloped toward the basin to ensure a steady supply of spray mixture even at low remaining volumes during spraying.

Rinse Water Tank
This water tank is used for internal rinsing of the spray system and for diluting the spray mixture. It is located at the base of the tank module and has a total volume of 17 L.

Clean Water Tank
The clean water tank is to be filled with clean water that can be used to rinse off spray residues in case of spills. The tank has a total volume of 15 L and is equipped with a tap (22) on the right side near the generator.

Valves
The machine’s spray agent management system is controlled by eight manual valves located on the tank unit’s control panel.

1. Tank selector valve
2. Bypass valve - boom
3. Wash nozzle valve
4. Tank return valve
5. Disengagement valve - boom
6. Drain valve - system
7. Drain valve - tank
8. Fixed restrictor valve

Function of each valve:

1. Select between the spray tank and the rinse water tank for the pump's inlet.
2. Open/close the bypass between the high-pressure side and the tank’s return hoses.
3. Open/close the return hose supplying the tank’s wash nozzle.
4. Open/close the tank’s standard return hose.
5. Open/close the liquid supply to the boom.
6. Drain spray liquid from the system.
7. Drain spray liquid from the tank.
8. Fixed restriction on the tank’s standard return hose.

Valve Positions

The liquid flow in the machine’s spray system is controlled by operating the machine’s manual valves. Different configurations of valve positions enable six different modes for performing normal operations and system rinsing. The diagram below shows the positions of each valve to achieve various functionalities during use.

Normal operation
The pump circulates spray liquid from the main tank, out to the nozzle blocks, and back again. Use this setting during spraying.

Rinse system with clean water
The pump pumps water from the water tank to the nozzle blocks. Return flow goes to the wash nozzle in the main tank. Use this setting to rinse the system (hoses, nozzles, and tank) while also washing the tank.

Rinse tank with clean water
The pump pumps water from the water tank to the wash nozzle. Valve 5 remains closed, while Valve 2 is open to disconnect the loop to the boom. Use this setting for maximum washing efficiency from the wash nozzle in the main tank.

Drain system
The pump pumps spray liquid out through the boom and nozzle blocks before draining it at the drain point. Valve 6 remains open, while return valves 3 and 4 to the spray tank are closed. Use this setting to drain the system after rinsing.

Drain tank
Manual draining of the spray tank for liquid using natural gravity. Draining occurs at the drain point when Valve 7 is opened. Use this setting for manual draining of spray liquid in the spray tank or to drain remaining liquid that the pump was unable to remove.

Dilute spray agent in the tank
The pump pumps water from the rinse and dilution tank into the spray tank's return flow. Valve 5 and 3 remain closed, while Valve 2 and 4 are open. Use this setting when the concentration of spray agent in the spray tank needs to be diluted.

Rinse system while mixed spray agent is in the tank
The pump pumps water from the rinse and dilution tank to the nozzle blocks. The wastewater is discharged at the drain point. The valve positions are the same as in Drain System, except Valve 1 is in the vertical position. Use this setting to clean the nozzle blocks without emptying the spray tank.

Other Components in the Tank Module

  9. Tank lid
10. Suction filter
11. Pump
12. Connection point for measuring equipment
13. Drain point
14. Water filling for clean water tank (handwashing)
15. Water filling for rinse and dilution tank
16. Pressure gauge for spray pressure
17. Connection point for measuring equipment
18. Bumper sensor
19. Water tap for clean water (handwashing)

 

Tank gauge

IMPORTANT: The scale provides an indication of how much spray liquid is left in the tank. The machine must be on a horizontal surface to display the correct amount.

The spray tank has a liquid level indicator for manual reading of the liquid level. The scale has a resolution of 1 liter per mark.

 

Boom

The boom is located at the rear of the machine and typically accommodates up to five spray units. It can be height-adjusted using an electric lift via the Kilter Remote app. The working height is primarily 15 cm above the ground, but the boom can be raised up to 50 cm. The machine has automatic height adjustment, ensuring that the distance from the boom to the ground remains at 15 cm, even on uneven terrain. This is achieved using height sensors in the spray units that continuously measure the distance to the ground. Good control of the distance between the boom and the ground is an important factor for successful precision spraying. The height of the boom can also be set manually by operating the lift via Kilter Remote.

There is one valve on the boom. This should normally not be operated. The knob must always be pointed downward during operation.

Spray unit

 

1. Quick connector for nozzle outlet
2. Mounting bracket
3. Quick connector for nozzle inlet
4. Power connection
5. Communication connection
6. Height sensor
7. Camera
8. Nozzle block

The spray unit is built around a steel cabinet that houses a camera and a nozzle block. The camera is surrounded by a light reflector, with a height sensor located next to the reflector. On each side of the nozzle block are hoses for the inlet and outlet of spray liquid, equipped with quick connectors that attach to corresponding parts on the spray boom. The inlet is on the right side, and the outlet is on the left. The top of the unit features mounting brackets for attachment to the boom, along with connection points for power and communication with the control center.

IMPORTANT: The spray units should normally remain mounted on the boom. If removed, they must be handled with great care.

Nozzles

Each spray unit has a nozzle block consisting of two rows with a total of 42 nozzle outlets. Each nozzle outlet operates independently. During operation, droplets of spray liquid are discharged when the machine passes areas identified as weeds. The nozzle blocks are controlled by electronics located inside each spray unit and the machine's control center (see Overview of Main Components).

Droplets of spray liquid may remain on the nozzle modules even after the system has been rinsed following spraying. These droplets may drip, and the operator must avoid spills. Do not touch the nozzle blocks without approved protective equipment (see Safety and Protective Equipment). Never bend your head under a nozzle block, either before or after use.

A defective nozzle block must be replaced. This must be carried out by an authorized technician. For information on service and maintenance, see Spray Unit.

 

Attachment and Detachment of Spray Unit

Important: Be cautious during the attachment and detachment of the spray unit. Limited space increases the risk of damaging the nozzle block due to collisions with the cross-profile of the boom. Follow the instructions below carefully.

CAUTION: Ensure that hoses are connected to the correct ports. Incorrect connections will significantly reduce the nozzles' precision and may cause spray liquid to hit undesired areas.

1 - The spray unit is inserted at an angle from above into the boom and then rotated until the top surface is horizontal.

2 - Slide the brackets on each side of the spray unit into the grooves on the underside of the boom.

3 - The screw hole in the brackets is aligned with the threads on the panel. Tighten the screws to 3 Nm (2 x M6 screws).

4 - The inlet hose on the right side must be connected to the lower connection point. The outlet hose on the left side must be connected to the upper connection point.

5 - The network cable and power cable are plugged into the top of the spray unit before the spray unit is fully mounted on the boom.

Spray Configurations

The boom can typically accommodate up to 5 spray units. The number of units and their positions can easily be adjusted as needed without requiring changes to the spraying settings.

 

Circulation Circuit for Spray Liquid

In the AX-1, the spray liquid circulates in a loop from the tank, out to the spray units mounted on the boom, and back to the tank. This forms the main circuit for the circulation of spray liquid. Operation of this circuit is done manually using the valves on the tank module. How these valves should be set to achieve different functions is described in Subchapter 4.2.6 Valve Positions.

Generator

The machine is powered by a Honda EU22i gasoline generator. The generator supplies power to the batteries located in the control unit. The generator's load is automatically adjusted according to the power demand of the spray units. This demand is regulated by the amount of weeds being sprayed at any given time. If the weed density in the field is high, causing the machine to work under heavy load, the generator should be set to high-load mode to provide sufficient power to the machine. For more information, see Subchapter 8.1.1 Starting with Generator Power.

 

Drive Wheels

Important: The electric motors must not be disconnected from the machine or serviced by anyone other than authorized service technicians.

The two front wheels are powered by individual electric motors, providing sufficient propulsion for the machine. Individual control of each wheel allows the machine to maneuver and rotate around its own central axis. The size of the wheels ensures good ground clearance and low pressure on the surface for gentle operation in the field.

The electric motors are maintenance-free and should only be handled by service technicians.

Wheel Service

Contact your Kilter customer representative for further information regarding wheel service.

National and Regional Regulations for Inspection

The machine is subject to national regulations for periodic inspection of the robot's spraying functionality.

Machine Control Center

Important: This unit must not be operated by the user, except for the external main power switch

The machine has a control center located at the top of the robot. This unit can be considered the machine's "brain," containing electronics and control systems to operate the robot's functions. On top of the cover is a mobile antenna (1) and a GPS (2) for precise positioning during autonomous operation. At the front of the cover is a camera (3) for observing the surroundings in front of the machine. This information is used to position the robot when driving in rows and performing turns.

Technical Data

General Machine Data

Operating Parameters

Noise Level

The machine generates a noise level of LWA = 80.5 dB(A) during operation.

Specific Component Data

Pump

• Type: Shurflo 2066-773-515 24V